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 ENROMIC comprimidos (enrofloxacina 150 mg)
This drug belongs to a family presenting antimicrobialproperties that act by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acids.Enrofloxacine belongs to the group offluoroquinolones -they possess a fluoride atom in the 6th position-which are water-soluble amphoterous substances that precipitate in acid mediaand possess a wide activity spectrum on gram negative and positive bacteria.
ACTIVITY
The activity spectrum of enrofloxacine includes gram negative and positive aerobic bacteria with limited activity on Streptococcus and enterococcus and only some weak activity against obligate anaerobic bacteria.
This antibiotic has excellent activity against gram negative aerobic bacteria, including Actinobacillus pleuroneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida; it has moderate to good activity against Chlamidia, micro-bacteria, microplasma, ureaplasma and rickettsia, and is also effective against intracellular micro-organisms.
A significant advantage when applying this treatment is that it does not destroy intestinal commensal enterococci and we should bear in mind that activity against gram negative bacteria is higher when pH is alkaline, while there are no modifications due to changes in pH in the case of gram positive bacteria.
ACTION
Fluoroquinolones, among them enrofloxacine, inhibit the action of the DNA girase enzyme of bacteria. This enzyme is composed by 4 subunits, the function of which includes bacterial DNA decoiling, cutting and re-sealing, as well as bacterial DNA folding and coiling around the RNA centre.
These functions are inhibited by enrofloxacine as they are bound to subunit A of DNA girase.
Enrofloxacine has an antibacterial effect and its fast action should be taken into account as this is an important aspect when beginning treatment. It quickly penetrates bacterial cells through porins, it crosses the cytoplasmatic membrane, a process that is facilitated by these molecules’ high liposolubility, thus achieving that concentrations inside bacterial cells be quickly balanced with the exterior.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Fluoroquinolones behave as highly liposoluble molecules thus determining their pharmacokinetic properties. They are well absorbed through the oral, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes; absorption at the digestive tract in monogastric organisms is very good but we must bear in mind that it might be reduced by the presence of bivalent ions, such as Ca and Mg.Enrofloxacine is widely distributed throughout the body through extracellular fluids, easily passing to transcellular fluids, including milk, synovial fluid, prostatic fluid, semen, uterine fluids and cerebrospinal fluid. It reaches high concentration in the intracellular medium.
Tissue concentrations generally equal or exceed plasmatic concentrations. Likewise, remarkable concentrations have been found at bone level. As to the respiratory tract, it reaches high concentrations in secretions and the bronchial epithelium.
All these actions occur due to its lipophilic nature and its low binding degree to plasmatic proteins.
Fluoroquinolones are metabolized in the liver, where the degree of biotransformation depends on the compound and the species, and it is excreted through urine and bile.Something worth mentioning about enrofloxacine is that during its degradation it turns into a metabolite called ciprofloxacine, which has antimicrobial activity.
TOXICITY, COLLATERAL EFFECTS
It has a wide safety margin. However, an unusual but nevertheless characteristic effect of this group is the erosive action on growing cartilages, especially on cartilages supporting weight. Therefore, its use would be contraindicated in animals younger than 12 months (small and medium-sized breeds) and 18 months (large breeds).
It has been described that high doses may provoke convulsions, therefore, we must be careful when treating animals with epilepsy problems.
CLINICAL USE
We have carried out numerous tests with enromic tablets in canines and felines and obtained very satisfactory results; the pathologies to be treated with enromic tablets have been varied, the best results having been achieved in the treatment of respiratory conditions, urinary infections, dermal and gastrointestinal infections. We must not forget that due to its high penetration degree in tissues it is very useful in cases of osteomyelitis and prostatitis.Something worth remembering about enrofloxacine in most species is that high doses administered at prolonged intervals (24 or 12 hours) present better results than frequent administration in a fractioned regime.Thus, Laboratorios Microsules launches a wide spectrum antibiotic in tablet form, of easy administration and dosage (one 150 mg enromic tablet per 30 kg of live weight) complying with all pertinent regulations, among them the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) standards, and with advanced quality controls, always aiming at the improvement of animal health.
Dr.Juan Pablo Piazze
Veterinary Doctor Lab.Microsules
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES
-‘Farmacología y Terapéutica Veterinaria’ (‘Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics’), L.M.Botana F.Landoni T.Martín-Jimenez
-Compilation of clinical cases from veterinary clinics of Montevideo and Canelones (Uruguay)
-Research carried out at Laboratorios Microsules
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Laboratorios Microsules is certificated by ISO 9001-2000 since 2004, being the first veterinary product laboratory in obtaining this certification.
We are very satisfied to communicate that we obtained the Good Manufacturing Practices certification, given by the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fishery of Uruguay, being the first Laboratory of Veterinary Products of Uruguay in obtaining this certification.
The last 16th of May of 2007, LABORATORIOS MICROSULES URUGUAY S.A. was awarded with the Great Prize to Innovation and Exporting Development 2007....